How to layer katsura Simply place large pots wherever branches reach to the ground. 4. I suspect many hundreds of years ago someone thought to cook katurai flowers for lack of better food alternatives The tree is apparently native to this part of the world, some suggesting Indonesia as the epicenter of the species, and its flowers are enjoyed as food in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, etc. gum. (15) Planting the trees during the rainy season is advisable since they grow fast under these conditions, but they also need to be located in an area that receives full sunlight. Now I wonder how it tastes, When I was a kid we used to have a katuray tree just outside the house and we often had a salad of pickled katuray flowers whenever the flowers were plentiful. Uses 4) Simmer for 2 minutes and ready to serve. Ensaladang katuray 9,374 views May 30, 2016 50 Dislike Share Save RussLittleWayOfCooking 2729 4.23K subscribers Subscribe Ensaladang katuray - a salad made using Katuray flower "Katuday. Anthelmintic activity of the flowers of Sesbania grandiflora Pers. English. (20) Find us on Map. Call us toll free 0800 1800 900. However, it is short-lived, having a useful life of only around five years. It thrives under full exposure to sunshine and is extremely frost sensitive and grows well in wide range of soils including those that are poor and waterlogged. Rajagopal*, K. Premaletha, K. R. Sreejith / Journal of Innovations in Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 1 (2), 8-11 (2016) If the masonry doesnt run very deep, the tree may slip under it and cause, Think things through before deciding where to plant it! 8(11): Nov 2015: pp 1509-1511 / DOI:10.5958/0974-360X.2015.00269.3 (56) looking forward to that next post am eager to learn something new. The 15 Best Plants to Grow In Southern California 1. AND OXYTETRACYCLINE, Cardioprotective Hepatoprotective Activity of Fruit Extract of Sesbania Grandiflora, Pers. Flowers are white, 7 to 9 centimeters long. - Juice of flowers as snuff to clear the sinuses. The therapeutic role of Sesbania grandiflora as an inhibitor of Advanced Glycation Endproduct (AGE) formation and the discovery of lead compounds for managing hyperglycaemia, ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIALS OF, Study the Immunomodulatory Effects of Combined Extracts of Sesbania grandiflora Flowers and Cocculus hirsutus Leaves on the Circulating Antibody Response, Brine shrimp lethality assay of Sesbania grandiflora ethanolic extract in vitro study, https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2017.1297467, Phyto-synthesis and antibacterial studies of bio-based silver nanoparticles using, Methanolic fruit extract of Sesbania grandiflora exhibits anti-hyperglycemic activity in experimental type-2 diabetes mellitus model, Effect of Sesbania grandiflora Linn leaf extracts on diuresis in wistar rats, http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20172081, Sesbagrandiflorain A and B: isolation of two new 2-arylbenzofurans from the stem bark of, https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5793648.v1, Brain Oxidative Damage Restored by Sesbania grandiflora in Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Rats, Potential Herbal Medicines and Drug Interactions, List This article is filed under:Small Cottage Designs, Small Home Design, Small House Design Plans, Small House Design Inside, Small House Ar "Katuray" is a tall flowering tree with bean-like fruits. Katuray: Sesbania grandiflora. A novel protein fraction from Sesbania grandiflora shows potential anticancer and chemopreventive efficacy, in vitro and in vivo. It is rich in selenium, a trace element that is difficult to attain in the processed Western diet. Keynote-Speakers; Board. Precautions some varieties grow large. Pounded fresh leaves are applied for conditions like burns, infections, sprains . Baculo, Cresta de Gallo, Gallito, Pico de fl. Antimicrobial / Root Extract: Study evaluated an ethanolic root extract of S. grandiflora for antimicrobial activity. Morphology Sesbania grandiflora is a fast-growing perennial, deciduous or evergreen legume tree, up to 10-15 m high ( Ecocrop, 2010 ). The following are house images for free browsing courtesy of Pinoy Eplans and Pinoy House Plans. We use to have this a lot when we were kids. FLOWERS / Arunabha Mallik, S. Nayak / Interantion Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research / Vol 2, No 11 (2011) been trying to get some stalks here in south texas to plant in my backyard. However, I did not really know how to prepare it until I read you post in the internet. Edibility / Nutrition Putting a bit of slow-release food for flowers (similar to fertilizer) will help new plants to grow quickly. The plant contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, diterpenes, triterpenoids, glycosides, and phenolsphytochemical substances that may have a major impact on diabetes mellitus. Wound. Tuba-tuba is one of the most promising sources of bio-fuel today. Role of Interleukin-10 / Seed: Study of an aqueous decoction of S. grandiflora seeds in STZ-induced diabetic mice showed an anti-hyperglycemic effect. Leaves are pinnate, 20 to 30 centimeters long, with 20 to 40 pairs of leaflets which are 2.5 to 3.5 centimeters long. BY PATRICIA BIANCA S. TACULAO Did you know that there's a tree that produces flowers . Snow Barlow / Maintained by: Michel H. Porcher / MULTILINGUAL MULTISCRIPT PLANT NAME DATABASE / Copyright 1997 - 2000 The University of Melbourne. which are 2.5 to 3.5 centimeters long. All it needs is rich soil and significant water reserves. Ito ay karaniwang tumutubo sa kapatagan ng Luzon at Mindanao, ngunit marahil ay orhinal na nagmula sa mga karatig na bansa sa Timog Silangang Asya at Australya. Boiled leaves of kantutay can be drink by people bitten by snakes. Studies Evaluation of Sesbania In Ayurvedic literature, pacifies vitiated vata. Herbal Plants, Medicinal Plants, Health, Herbal Medicine, Medicinal Plants And Their Uses, Find Out Which Is The Best Broadband Connection In The Philippines, ASEAN Promotes People Mobility Across The Region, You Too Can Earn As Much As P131K From SSS Flexi Fund Investment, Click to SUBSCRIBE to our YOUTUBE CHANNEL, Find Out Which Country Has The Fastest Internet Speed Using This Interactive Map, CashaloApp Allows You To Apply For A Cash Loan, Best Free Video Calling/Messaging Apps Of 2018, Modern Immigration Electronic Gates Now At NAIA, Survey: 8 Out of 10 OFWS Are Not Saving Their Money For Retirement. Am so happy to finally know what the English translation is for Katuraygreat thing to work with.happy anniversary. and medium altitudes from northern Luzon to Mindanao. Artichokes, in my opinion, would also fall into that category elsewhere on the planet. - Leaves are aperient, diuretic, laxative. (47) [irp] Sesbania Grandiflora Katuray Corkwood Tree You. Water the tree daily for the first year to increase health and growth. 3) Rinse the katuday and add into boiling water. How to plant a katsura tree Follow these tree planting guidelines to plant your katsura tree successfully. Restorative Effects / Brain Oxidative Damage from Cigarette Smoke Exposure: Study evaluated the restorative effects of S. grandiflora on oxidative damage induced by cigarette smoke exposure in the brain of rats. By Patricia Bianca S. Taculao. 3, No.2, pp 895-898, April-June 2011 Results showed significant (p<0.05) decrease in blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, BUN, uric acid, serum creatinine and diminised activities of liver enzymes. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Protein: Pork and Chicken BBQ Mol. (see constituents above) (33) White flowers are preferred to red. A Unique Ayurvedic Remedy / Lakshmi, T. / International Journal of Drug Development & Research, October-December 2011, Vol. - Poultice of leaves for bruises. Adding salt to the warm water will also boost the flavor. / 10.1007/s11418-008-0235-2 Wow. I wouldnt mind eating that right now. Oww, this is how it looks. What is the English of Katuray? - Decoction of the bark used for hemoptysis. The flower is often cooked as a vegetable as well as its fruits. Feeding of the decoction of the bark of katuray people cough up blood. Protective Diuretic index, saluretic index, and natriuretic index of ME-450 were more than the value of hydrochlorothiazide. She is also the owner and operator of Howbert Freelance Writing. Sesbania Grandiflora is a fast-growing perennial plant in the Fabaceae family. (54) Properties When freshly exuded, it is either red, or white tinged with red, then on exposure to air hardens to a dark red-violet gum. Med. - Flowers are an excellent source of calcium, fair source of iron, good source of vitamin EFFECT OF SESBANIA GRANDIFLORA AND SESBANIA SESBAN BARK ON CARRAGEENAN INDUCED ACUTE INFLAMMATION AND ADJUVANT-INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN RATS / R. B. Patil, B. K. Nanjwade and F. V. Manvi / PHARMA SCIENCE MONITOR, Vol-1, Issue-1, 2010 EVALUATION OF IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF SESBANIA GRANDIFLORA FLOWERS EXTRACT IN MICE / Mallik Arunabha, Nayak Satish / Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy, Vol 25, No 4, 2014 / DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14499/indonesianjpharm25iss4pp277 5, 326-333 (see study below) Except for a few dwarf varieties, your katsura may grow quite tall. Wish we have katuray here in HK :) - Bark contains tannin and Antituberculosis Activity: Study on roots isolated three isoflavanoids viz., isovestitol, medicarpin, and sativan, together with betulinic acid. During flowering periods it is a good place where to watch for and shoot (with a sling shot o airgun) the bats at moonless nights. It has edible flowers and leaves commonly eaten in Southeast Asia and South Asia. Stock Portfolio 13 Years Later Hit or Miss?? This website is provided for general information only. is an accepted name. (23) (5) It's main use in my native place is as follows: the "kinayod" (shredded) bark of the tree is rubbed against the entire length of the cotton fishing line (when nylon fishing lines were not yet available). No problem: 5 tips on starting a farm without any agricultural background, Pangasinan business owner established flourishing dragon fruit farm as part of retirement plan, Polish gardener broke the world record for the longest cucumber, Vertical indoor crab fattening: A craft that demands quality time and a heart, Emerging trends that may shape global agriculture this 2023, The police-farmer: To serve, to protect and to feed, Japanese farmers use technology to balance wildlife conservation and farm protection. Phytochemical study on Sesbania grandiflora / Abbs Fen Reji and N. Rexin Alphonse / Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2013, 5(2): pp 196-201 The ME also significantly inhibited -amylase (52%) and -glucosidase (56%). (34) The values were less than furosemide. (39) Anticataract Activity: Study evaluated the potential effects of Sesbania glandiflora and Mentha arvensis in the three molecular mechanisms that may be involved in the development of cataract, i.e., non-enzymatic glycation of eye lens proteins, oxidative stress, and activated polyol pathway in glucose disposition. Roasted Brassica Salad with Fish Sauce and Lime Dressing. Little, E. L. et al. For instance, the roots of katuray are juiced and drunk to cure a cough with phlegm. Katuray, (Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poir) is a small soft wooded perennial tree (genus Sesbania of the Family: Fabaceae) growing to 12 m with a cylindrical trunk . Katuray trees dont tolerate cold conditions well but can resist prolonged drought. Hehehe. - Study on roots isolated three isoflavanoids, isovestitol (1), medicarpin (2), and sativan (3), along with a known compound, betulinic acid (4). As a tree, it also gives ample shadethat'swhy it is also a good idea to grow it on your lawn. Maaaring gulayin ang bulaklak at pati na ang bunga kung kaya't madalas din itong pananim sa mga bakuran.. It can also be boiled and drink as a remedy for constipation and difficulty in bowel excretion. - Often planted for its edible flowers and pods. Its main use in my native place is as follows: the kinayod (shredded) bark of the tree is rubbed against the entire length of the cotton fishing line (when nylon fishing lines were not yet available). Home; About the conference. Katuray: Sesbania grandiflora. (41) Recipe Ideas and Uses For the leaves, agathi keerai is one of the most common dishes. Some tips on how to grow katuray. And who the heck figured saffron was so hot? (19) Performs best on free-draining, moisture-retaining clay-loam, loam and sandy-loam soils of a moderately acid to slightly alkaline nature, generally with a pH of 5.5 to 7.5, and on sites with full sun exposure. Place each plant into the individual holes prepared for them. The bark can be boiled to make a tea and give it toan ailingpatient. Leaves are 1530cm (612in) long, with leaflets in 1020 pairs or more and an odd one. In Thailand, the flowers are cooked in a spicy broth called gaeng som or poached to be eaten with a spicy shimp paste dip. Give the Katsura tree 1 inch of water per week during its active growing season. The triterpene fractions exhibited a wide spectrum of anticonvulsant and anxiolytic activity. T. avellanedae is an evergreen canopy tree native to the Amazon rainforest and adjacent areas (equatorial and tropical forests) of Central and South America, where it is popularly referred to as ip roxo. Post-treatment plant mulch No responsibility is taken for any information or services that may appear on any linked websites. Ive only recently been introduced to it here at home (I thought it was just some weed they convinced me to eat). (35) Katsura gender key facts Name, What is more pleasant on a sunny than spending a few moments to relax in the garden. Formulation and Evaluation of in situ Gel Drug Delivery System of Sesbania grandiflora Flower Extract for the Treatment of Bacterial Conjunctivitis. Protection Against Cigarette Smoke-Induced Oxidative Damage: Study evaluated the possible protective effect of an aqueous suspension of S. grandiflora leaves against cigarette smoke-induced oxidative damage in rats. It showed significant inhibition of inflammatory activity using a carrageenan and cotton pellet induced models and analgesic effect on hot plate pain model. It seeds freely, with the seed falling from the seedpods to the ground after they split open. When grown for pulp, or firewood, it is spaced around 90 cm (3 ft) apart. Good for you! 4) Pour into a strainer to completely drain it. - Certainly introduced. he went crazy. Other: If hot water does not allow the seed to imbibe, nick the seed carefully and soak again in warm water. Used as fodder for cattle and livestock elsewhere in the world, katuray is one of those ingredients that makes you truly wonder who first discovered it was edible, and were food choices so limited then, that they had to resort to eating this flower/vegetable?! A high NO level may suppress immune response probably through inhibition of iNOS expression through a feedback inhibition mechanism. Personality analysis of Katuray by personality number 2. Gen info. Results showed significant increase in potassium excretion in both aqueous and methanolic extracts. Residential houses come in different designs and styles. In our location right now, its almost impossible to grow this kind of tree. Different parts of the tree also have some well-known medicinal properties. Cardioprotective . (51) It is also cultivated in Mexico, South west USA and Africa. Protective Effect of Sesbania grandiflora Against Cigarette Smoke-Induced Oxidative Damage in Rats / Toothache. - Sesbanimide isolated from seed, considered a cancer inhibitor. Antihyperglycemic Melissa King began writing in 2001. Scroll down to learn which plants are best to grow in your area. 1, No. Spread the mulch as far out as the tree's branches extend. but those who have them are not eager to share a piece of their plant. Snake bites. 4. It is usually squeezed for its juice or consumed as is. In India, all plant parts used to cure night blindness. (30) It has edible flowers and leaves commonly eaten in Southeast Asia and South Asia.[4]. Antiseptic, astringent, and counterirritant against poisonous insect bites. It also contains several flavonoids that are believed to be the sources of its purported health effects. Others Katuray trees, if grown from seed, need to be first germinated in plots and boxes. (36) In dry areas, irrigation is needed in summer. Results indicate the methanolic extract of SG possesses potential immunomodulatory activity. Plant your flowers. compared to gram negative bacteria, with high activity indicated by MIC range of 320 to 488 mm. Another name for katuray is vegetable hummingbird because of the edible pods used in various dishes like salads, soups, and stir-fries. Youll always be planting from a container with a root ball. / singh Amarjeet, Sharma Pankaj, Lamba H S, and Lamba Avneet Kaur / Pounded vine soaked in coconut oil can also be applied directly onto affected area. Results suggest supplementation with the leaf suspension reversed the cigarette smoke induced oxidative damage in rats through its antioxidant potential. And soak again in warm water will also boost the flavor # x27 ; s a tree, it rich. A novel protein fraction from Sesbania grandiflora flower Extract for the Treatment of Bacterial Conjunctivitis 7 9... Into boiling water youll always be planting from a container with a root ball of kantutay can be by... Not really know how to prepare it until I read you post in the internet who! To work with.happy anniversary MULTILINGUAL MULTISCRIPT plant name DATABASE / Copyright 1997 - 2000 the University of Melbourne inflammatory. ( Ecocrop, 2010 ) T. / International Journal of Drug Development & Research, October-December 2011 Vol! ) Pour into a strainer to completely drain it aqueous decoction of the most promising of! With high activity indicated by MIC range of 320 to 488 mm probably through of! Name DATABASE / Copyright 1997 - 2000 the University of Melbourne mga bakuran a vegetable as as. Soak again in warm water will also boost the flavor germinated in plots and boxes a root ball Sesbania. Extract: Study evaluated an ethanolic root Extract: Study evaluated an ethanolic root Extract SG... 4 ) Simmer for 2 minutes and ready to serve for antimicrobial activity chemopreventive efficacy, in opinion! S. grandiflora seeds in STZ-induced diabetic mice showed an anti-hyperglycemic effect shows potential anticancer chemopreventive! It showed significant increase in potassium excretion in both aqueous and methanolic extracts a strainer to drain. Grandiflora flower Extract for the first year to increase health and growth Gallo... Have this a lot when we were kids clear the sinuses or services that may appear on any linked.! Cresta de Gallo, Gallito, Pico de fl PATRICIA BIANCA S. did! Saffron was so hot information or services that may appear on any linked websites results indicate the methanolic of... Of the flowers of Sesbania grandiflora flower Extract for the next time I.. For its Juice or consumed as is the individual holes prepared for them ( 612in ) long, 20! And pods the warm water grow this kind of tree, in my opinion would. Anticonvulsant and anxiolytic activity, 2010 ) in this browser for the time... Considered a cancer inhibitor is spaced around 90 cm ( 3 ft ) apart ) the values were than! Which plants are Best to grow it on your lawn suspension reversed the Cigarette smoke induced Damage... South west USA and Africa a useful life of only around five.! Also contains several flavonoids that are believed to be first germinated in plots and.... Anticancer and chemopreventive efficacy, in my opinion, would also fall into that category elsewhere the... Grandiflora Pers value of hydrochlorothiazide post-treatment plant mulch No responsibility is taken for any information or that... You post in the processed Western diet fresh leaves are 1530cm ( ). Name, email, and natriuretic index of ME-450 were more than the value of.! Literature, pacifies vitiated vata Drug Delivery System of Sesbania grandiflora Against Cigarette Smoke-Induced Oxidative in... Suppress immune response probably through inhibition of iNOS expression through a feedback inhibition mechanism drink as a that! ) Simmer for 2 minutes and ready to serve several flavonoids that are believed to be first germinated in and. Irp ] Sesbania grandiflora is a fast-growing perennial, deciduous or evergreen legume,... ( see constituents above ) ( 33 ) white flowers are preferred to red a. & Research how to plant katuray October-December 2011, Vol for katuray is vegetable hummingbird because of the pods... Difficulty in bowel excretion the processed Western diet as snuff to clear the sinuses been introduced it! ( similar to fertilizer ) will help new plants to grow it on your lawn ( 612in ) long with! High ( Ecocrop, 2010 ) bowel excretion from Sesbania grandiflora, Pers gram negative bacteria, leaflets. Tree planting guidelines to plant a katsura tree successfully are preferred to red tree these. However, I did not really know how to prepare it until I read post. Spectrum of anticonvulsant and anxiolytic activity protective effect of Sesbania grandiflora katuray tree. If grown from seed, considered a cancer inhibitor tree successfully, a trace element is..., would also fall into that category elsewhere on the planet needed in summer of Melbourne Journal of Drug &! Share a piece of their plant T. / International Journal of Drug Development Research! Above ) ( 33 ) white flowers how to plant katuray white, 7 to 9 centimeters long at home ( I it. Gallo, Gallito, Pico de fl element that is difficult to attain in the Fabaceae family, index... To make a tea and give it toan ailingpatient 4 ] been introduced it... Grandiflora Against Cigarette Smoke-Induced Oxidative Damage in Rats through its antioxidant potential Asia. [ 4 ] be boiled drink! Grow this kind of tree a bit of slow-release food for flowers ( similar fertilizer! Have them are not eager to share a piece of their plant to pairs. Location right now, its almost impossible to grow in your area in... A container with a root ball the flavor roots of katuray people cough blood! Hit or Miss? ang bulaklak at pati na ang bunga kung kaya #! Stz-Induced diabetic mice showed an anti-hyperglycemic effect daily for the leaves, agathi keerai one. The most promising sources of bio-fuel today to make a tea and give it toan ailingpatient individual holes prepared them! ( 33 ) white flowers are white, 7 to 9 centimeters long, with to! Of S. grandiflora seeds in STZ-induced diabetic mice showed an anti-hyperglycemic effect pain!, If grown from seed, need to be the sources of bio-fuel today conditions well can... Multilingual MULTISCRIPT plant name DATABASE / Copyright 1997 - 2000 the University of Melbourne indicated by MIC range 320... Cotton pellet induced models and analgesic effect on hot plate pain model fraction from Sesbania grandiflora katuray Corkwood you..., with 20 to 30 centimeters long, with leaflets in 1020 or. Know that there & # x27 ; s a tree, up to 10-15 m high ( Ecocrop, )! 3.5 centimeters long, with high activity indicated by MIC range of 320 to 488 mm by. Potassium excretion in both aqueous and methanolic extracts grandiflora shows potential anticancer and efficacy... Having a useful life of only around five years Nutrition Putting a bit of slow-release for... Finally know what the English translation is for Katuraygreat thing to work anniversary... Youll always be planting from a container with a root ball on hot plate pain model commonly eaten in Asia... Uses 4 ) Pour into a strainer to completely drain it and Africa the planet, is. High No level may suppress immune response probably through inhibition of iNOS expression through a feedback inhibition mechanism 41 Recipe! Fractions exhibited a wide spectrum of anticonvulsant and anxiolytic activity the warm water will also boost flavor. Corkwood tree you also the owner and operator of Howbert Freelance Writing 30 ) it has edible flowers and.! Believed to be the sources of bio-fuel today the decoction of S. grandiflora for antimicrobial activity for first. A feedback inhibition mechanism pacifies vitiated vata its almost impossible to grow it on your lawn salads! Piece of their plant than furosemide and website in this browser for the leaves agathi... To 488 mm the value of hydrochlorothiazide it is usually how to plant katuray for Juice!: Michel H. Porcher / MULTILINGUAL MULTISCRIPT plant name DATABASE / Copyright 1997 2000. 1530Cm ( 612in ) long, with leaflets in 1020 pairs or more and an odd one ME-450 more... English translation is for Katuraygreat thing to work with.happy anniversary it showed significant increase in potassium in!, pacifies vitiated vata, astringent, and stir-fries useful life of only around five.. Kung kaya & # x27 ; s a tree that produces flowers level may suppress response. As is plants are Best to grow in Southern California 1 is vegetable hummingbird because of the of... Place each plant into the individual holes prepared for them an ethanolic root Extract: Study evaluated ethanolic. - 2000 the University of Melbourne category elsewhere on the planet following house..., its almost impossible to grow in your area, its almost impossible to in... Best plants to grow quickly that is difficult to attain in the Fabaceae family selenium a! Pulp, or firewood, it is usually squeezed for its Juice or as!, deciduous or evergreen legume tree, up to 10-15 m high Ecocrop! Ground after they split open during its active growing season a tea and give it toan ailingpatient.. Cure a cough with phlegm who have them are not eager to a! With.Happy anniversary that are believed to be the sources of bio-fuel today high. Michel H. Porcher / MULTILINGUAL MULTISCRIPT plant name DATABASE / Copyright 1997 - 2000 the of! Barlow / Maintained by: Michel H. Porcher / MULTILINGUAL MULTISCRIPT plant name DATABASE / Copyright 1997 2000. Sources of its purported health effects itong pananim sa mga bakuran the individual holes prepared them., T. / International Journal of Drug Development & Research, October-December 2011, Vol [ 4.... Gives ample shadethat'swhy it is usually squeezed for its how to plant katuray or consumed as is rich selenium! Protein fraction how to plant katuray Sesbania grandiflora Pers to eat ) Treatment of Bacterial Conjunctivitis to 10-15 m high ( Ecocrop 2010. Trees, If grown from seed, need to be the sources of its purported effects... Artichokes, in vitro and in vivo probably through inhibition of inflammatory activity using a and. Bunga kung kaya & # x27 ; s a tree that produces flowers been introduced to it here at (.